If evil were a clearly definable, aberrant state of mind, it could be changed or manipulated by psychiatric intervention of psychological counselling, but it is immensely more difficult if prescriptions on how women in a society must be treated stem from a view that sees women as an essentially separate and distinct kind of human and only therefore deserving of a special kind of attention and protection. It would, of course, be of immense relief if our capacity for evil existed separately, like an elusive tumour that could be traced and excised. The only other class of species that would happily die for their own are ants and wasps, as has been brilliantly documented by Harvard biologist Edward O Wilson.
#Rping an animal breeder full
The full article is a brilliant exposition of the fascinating evidence of social control in non-human primates and concludes with the intriguing hypothesis that there is a marked difference of violence in primates where females form defensive alliances of their own, and in primate species where such a defensive coterie is absent.Īmong the big outstanding questions in research endeavours that aim to explain behaviour in biological terms-as the extremely intriguing but divisive science of sociobiology tries to do-is whether the capacity for calculated violence that exists in humans is an inextricable flipside of our ability for selflessness.Īfter all, no other species plots genocides as well as consciously and routinely adopts unrelated infants as their own, or are able to sometimes make the ultimate sacrifice of their life for even abstract ideals such as nation or unrelated communities (think freedom fighters). When a female comes into estrus, she solicits sex only from her harem master, and other males rarely challenge his sexual rights to her."
By repeating this behaviour hundreds of times, the male lays claim to particular females months or even years before mating with them. The neck bite is ritualized-the male does not actually sink his razor-sharp canines into her flesh-but the threat of injury is clear.
She usually responds by rushing to his side if not, he bites the back of her neck. If, when another male is nearby, a hamadryas female strays even a few feet from her mate, he shoots her a threatening stare and raises his brows. Similarly, male hamadryas baboons, who form small harems by kidnapping child brides, maintain a tight rein over their females through threats and intimidation. Goodall (Jane, a pioneering ethologist) thinks that a male uses such aggression to train a female to fear him so that she will be more likely to surrender to his subsequent sexual advances. “…Sometimes, as I saw in Gombe (a wildlife reserve in Tanzania), a male chimpanzee even attacks an estrous female days before he tries to mate with her. Here’s how Barbara Smuts, a professor at the University of Michigan and a longtime observer of social relations in several primates-including hamadryas baboons, chimpanzees and orangutans-describes, in a seminal popular-science article in Discover magazine in 1995, masculine coercion of the female. Competing groups of dolphins may raid rival territories for their females and some may even pretend to be defenders only to turn aggressors. While one way to interpret such findings would be through attributing traits of chivalry and gallantry to these affable creatures, a more pragmatic interpretation is realizing that the males move as much to restrict sexual access to their females. Yet, it is among the so-called higher animals such as dolphins and apes-who by virtue of their higher intelligence and sociability are more in the likeness of man-that females are harmed and coerced with the explicit motive of subjugation.Ī revelatory set of studies in the 1980s and 1990s by Richard Connors, who is now at the University of Massachussetts, Dartmouth, on bottlenose dolphins in Western Australia showed how these extremely friendly and social creatures formed alliances to guard the females of their group against rape. Disgruntled males rape to maximize their chances of passing on their genes when the conventional methods of wooing, seductive bird calls and strutting, don’t seem to be working. No doubt there is such a thing as forced copulation in the animal kingdom that is often violent, and observed in many species of insects and birds such as the mariticidal praying mantis, and among ducks and geese drakes, more often than not, force themselves on ducks.Įvolutionary biology usually explains such violence in terms of sexual access.
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